The current interpretation of the Constitution of the United States of America is significantly influenced by years of extensive research from various think tanks, similar to today’s organizations like the Heritage Foundation, the Brookings Institution, The American Enterprise Institute, and The Cato Institute. These entities analyze and shape public policy, leaving a lasting impact on our nation’s future.
Leaders like Alexander Hamilton, who studied at Columbia and was born in St. Kitts-Nevis and reared in St. Croix, Danish West Indies, James Madison of Virginia, a Princeton graduate, and John Jay of New York, also a Columbia alum demonstrated strong leadership and integrity. They recognized the risks that come with power and worked to build systems that protect against abuse and injustice. Learning about the Federalist Papers helps people better understand American democracy and make informed choices when voting. One way to encourage this learning is by hosting free community forums at local venues such as churches, synagogues, mosques, and community centers. Understanding how voting works is vital to maintaining a fair democracy. That’s why it’s important to look at how the Federalist Papers connect to the U.S. Constitution, a subject that can be explained in a clear and approachable way.
The Federalist Papers are a collection of 85 pivotal articles and essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay. These writings were created to defend and clarify the U.S. Constitution during a time when fears about a stronger federal government threatened individual liberties. Published between 1787 and 1788, their purpose was to facilitate the ratification of the Constitution and to explain the philosophical foundations of the proposed government. It is important to note that these discussions largely overlooked issues of racial justice and inclusivity, as African Americans were primarily excluded from the political discourse of Hamilton, Jay, and Madison. The Federalist Papers function as foundational texts for interpreting the Constitution, offering valuable insights into the motivations that shaped our governmental structure. They serve not merely as commentary but as a philosophical blueprint for the Constitution, laying the critical groundwork for the debates that accompanied their ratification. A central theme in these writings is the Constitution’s role in protecting individual liberty while limiting the potential for unchecked power that can lead to oppression and injustice.
Under the pseudonym Publius, these three intellectual leaders meticulously articulated and defended the Constitution, exploring essential concepts such as federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and popular sovereignty.
When you read the Federalist Papers, you may notice that they do not directly discuss corruption. However, especially in Federalist Nos. 10 and 51, the authors suggest a system designed to limit corruption. Federalist No. 10 warns about using falsehoods for political advantage, while Federalist No. 51 highlights the need to protect liberty from government overreach and majority factions. Madison believed that dividing power among different branches of government helps prevent any one group from gaining too much power or becoming corrupt.
As we examine the Federalist Papers, it’s evident that they do not address presidential authority over federal agencies, primarily because such entities did not exist in the late 1700s. Instead, the focus is on the principles of separation of powers, checks and balances, and the limits of executive authority.
In Federalist No. 70, Hamilton advocates for a strong and decisive executive, emphasizing the importance of unity and accountability. He contends that the president must have substantial control over the executive branch. Federalist No. 72 reinforces this idea by discussing the capacity of the president to serve multiple terms, promoting continuity in executive leadership. Additionally, Federalist No. 74 designates the president as commander-in-chief and grants the important power of pardon, highlighting the need for focused executive authority.
In Federalist No. 57, Hamilton addresses concerns about oligarchy, asserting that the House of Representatives is designed to reflect the will of the people rather than cater solely to elite interests. Furthermore, in Federalist Nos. 65 and 66, he navigates the complexities of the presidential impeachment process, explaining why the Constitution grants this significant power to Congress.
The Federalist Papers played a big role in shaping a government meant to stop the abuse of power. Even so, it can feel like leaders sometimes ignore the rules. Some officials might not fully understand these documents or how to use them. So, what can we do? We can start by making civic education stronger in schools, so students learn about the Constitution, the Federalist Papers, and how American government works. We can also reach out to our elected officials and remind them to fulfill their responsibilities effectively. Some people run for office just to improve their resumes or for personal gain. Others seem more interested in looking good for the cameras. We can help keep the government honest by supporting transparency, protecting whistleblowers, and making sure journalists can report the news accurately. It also helps to join or organize public forums and debates about the Constitution and the Federalist Papers.
When you vote, look for candidates who are knowledgeable, honest, and willing to do what is right, not just those who are popular. You might even consider running for office yourself. Collaborate with teachers, social workers, religious leaders, and local businesses to disseminate this message and keep our leaders informed about the Constitution and the Federalist Papers.
— Otis D. Alexander, PhD, a retired music teacher at St. Croix Central High School, has taught at the Sprauve and Guy Benjamin schools on St. John. He is an alum of the Harvard Graduate School of Education Leadership for Academic Librarians. He can be reached at od.alex1972@gmail.com.
Editor’s Note: Opinion articles do not represent the views of the Virgin Islands Source newsroom and are the sole expressed opinion of the writer. Submissions can be made to visource@gmail.com.
Open Forum: Volunteers Can Help Put an End to Growing Mountain of Garbage
It was about seven years ago when I was asked by Waheed “Wilie” Hamed, president of the Market STT, to help keep our islands clean and litter free. We both shared this dream but saw very little action done about waste diversion and recycling on St. Thomas.
Working with his brother Mafi, president of The Market STX, and Diane Brooks they had the ability to make this happen on St. Croix. But they needed someone on St. Thomas to lead, motivate and educate the public bringing in items to recycle to the Market on Saturday mornings. Before Covid we worked as volunteers for four hours every Saturday and since Covid we have worked two hours every Saturday, from 9 to 11 a.m. Recently, we added Moe’s Fresh Market Northside on Thursdays from 4 to 6 p.m. This is a community volunteer activity. Volunteers work every week to collect and check the recyclables. The plastic is then crushed by employees at The Market, put on a container and sent to Miami where it is recycled.
We accept both plastic and aluminum cans. Glass is recycled by the Rotary Club in Red Hook.
Plastic: We accept #1, #2 and #5 plastic jug containers and bottles on Saturday mornings from 9 to 11 a.m. in a clear or white bag, no black trash bags. The plastic containers must have their caps or lids separated from the container so that the thousands of plastic bottles collected on Saturday mornings can be easily CRUSHED and shipped off island every few weeks as community service. Here is an example of why it is important to take your caps off. Try crushing a plastic bottle in your hand with a cap on it. It doesn’t work, right? But if you take the cap off, it does. Please help us out by doing this. This is why the volunteers on Saturday mornings ask you to please REMOVE the caps and to place the bottles and caps in your clear or white Saturday recycling bag BEFORE you arrive at the Market STT. No black plastic of any kind is accepted. This includes black plastic carry-out containers and black plastic sports drink caps. You know that plastic wrap that covers your drink bottles that keep them all together in one package? That plastic film is not accepted, either.
Aluminum: We accept aluminum cans that then will be recycled.
Growing up here I can still remember when there wasn’t a towering man-made mountain of trash in Bovoni. Do you remember that, too? Back then I could easily see dense mangroves lining the water’s edge with egrets flying overhead instead of an ever-growing mountain of trash and dirt. I would love to see that hill go down instead of rising to the sky and out towards environmentally protected areas and surrounding communities, wouldn’t you? Our leaders need to see this, too, and do all that they can to protect our health and environment, especially for the people who live nearby in the surrounding neighborhoods.
That is why I am asking you to please do all that you can to help greatly reduce or eliminate materials from entering our dumps or roadways. We still only collect a small fraction of the plastic that is used here and could do so much more. Plastic never goes away and breaks down over time. Reduce micro-plastics from being consumed by fish and entering our food supply, divert organic materials that could be made into rich organic compost for our farmers instead of creating flammable methane gas. Continue to crush glass for sandbags instead of using sand. We all play our roles and part in this effort.
Since Sept. 15, 2018, approximately 200 tons of plastic and 50 tons of aluminum cans have been diverted from the ever-growing mountain of trash and layered dirt. That is because of the hard work and commitment of volunteers that make it happen each Saturday morning between 9 and 11 a.m. at the Market STT and Thursday afternoons between 4 to 6 p.m. at Moe’s Northside. Please, please do not drop off your bags before or after any of these times! Remember, it is because of the goodwill of the Market STT and Moe’s on the Northside that this community-driven effort is possible.
Most importantly, please consider becoming a Saturday morning volunteer or connect with a student in need of community service hours. I hope this motivates you to visit VI Recycling | U.S Virgin Islands Conservation Society to join us and schedule a time with the memo line “Recycling Volunteer” at info@viconservationsociety.org today!
— Jason Budsan, former president, Virgin Islands Conservation Society and the Environmental Association St. Thomas St. John
Editor’s Note: Opinion articles do not represent the views of the Virgin Islands Source newsroom and are the sole expressed opinion of the writer. Submissions can be made to visource@gmail.com.